Bioactive and Functional Groups Revealed by GC-MS and IR in Acmella Caulirhiza Modulate Inflammation and Nucleation (In Vitro Models): Implication in Kidney Stone Management

¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island Bayelsa State, Nigeria

²Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island Bayelsa State, Nigeria

*Corresponding author: Abraham Sisein Eboh, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Phone: 08066699139, Email: [email protected]

Received Date: September 12, 2024

Publication Date: December 14, 2024

Citation: Eboh AS, et al. (2024). Bioactive and Functional Groups Revealed by GC-MS and IR in Acmella Caulirhiza Modulate Inflammation and Nucleation (In Vitro Models): Implication in Kidney Stone Management. Traditional Medicine. 5(3):30.

Copyright: Eboh AS, et al. © (2024).

ABSTRACT

Inflammation is linked to many diseases including urolithiasis or kidney stone formation. Anti-inflammatory drugs are increasing in demand due to the rising number of inflammatory linked diseases like kidney stone. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-urolithiasis ability of Acmella caulirhiza extract. The results showed a dose dependent inhibition fashion in all assays presented. Therefore, at 100 µg/ml concentration of A. caulirhiza or aspirin, the percentages inhibition of heat induced hemolysis were 97.48 ± 0.98 % and 98.91 ± 1.01 % respectively. A. caulirhiza inhibited hypotonic solution induced hemolysis and albumin denaturation. The extract inhibited trypsin at 9.65 ± 0.28 and diclofenac at 20.08 ± 1.38 % at 200 µg/ml concentration. The extract also inhibited the enzyme lipoxygenase activity and the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The extract also inhibited nucleation in vitro at 70.32 ± 1.13 for A. caulirhiza and 87.33 ± 1.71 % for cystone at concentration of 1000 µg/ml. The phytochemicals, IR and GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids. The IR also revealed functional groups present in phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids and other secondary metabolites and the presence of phytol, hexadecanoic acid, squalene and other phytoconstituents showed that the extract is a potential candidate for an anti – inflammatory and anti-kidney stone formation in vitro.

Keywords: Acmella caulirhiza, Inflammation, Kidney Stone, Phytochemicals, GC-MS